Irrigation is the supply of cultivated land with water in order to promote the growth of plants and to replace missing rain. Surface irrigation systems, also known as furrow or stripe use gravity. Water is supplied through canals and ditches of different sizes. Watering itself then takes place by runoff, flooding or infiltration.
These renewable energy sources are very useful where there is no access to mains electricity. The cost price is generally cheaper because of lower costs of maintenance and minimal environmental impact than pumping systems powered by internal combustion engines. With electric pumps, deeper aquifers can be achieved than with traditional wells, where it is difficult and dangerous to cross the 20-meter mark. However, in some instances, farmers drill to 1000 meters for agriculture.
Micro-irrigation delivers water to the plant roots in a localized fashion. It is a water saving technology, which prevents further runoff. It may also be done through infiltration or by means of buried porous pipes. Irrigated agriculture is the supply of significant quantities of water to crops through various artificial methods. This type of agriculture requires capital investment and careful water infrastructure: canals, irrigation, sprinklers and pools, which entails advanced technical development. Irrigated crops typically include fruit, rice, cotton, vegetables and beets.
Disadvantages of pressurized systems include the following: the initial acquisition cost is high, depending on the crop, topography and degree of automation. The plugging of emitters (drippers mainly) is quite small because of output area. This is directly related to filtration and water chemistry. When using water with high salt content without performing regular washes at the end of each cycle means the soil could become salinized. The systems require users to have knowledge in the proper handling of equipment.
A modern way to water is the use of drip and micro that involve the application of water in a restricted area. These methods are suitable for areas where water is scarce, since the application is done in small doses and frequently. This allows better control of water and some other agronomic benefits.
The watering is uniform, varying the flow rate with the pressure, and can be installed on the surface or buried. It is deal for row crop watering and gardening. It is possible water at only 0.2 bar pressure thus saving energy, allowing water to filter by gravity. There are also resistant to UV, weathering and chemicals commonly used in agriculture and gardening. Users enjoy low cost of labor.
Arguably, drip irrigation as is known today, began in England after World War II, in greenhouses, nurseries and gardening, its microtubes were used as emitters. However, it is in the sixties, in Israel, when its expansion started after perfecting techniques extrusion and injection molding of plastics. Thus, Israel was one of pioneers of research and development of this type of equipment for the arid, semi-arid and desert areas.
This is in addition to creating a more humid micro-climate. The expansion and intensification of agriculture which provides irrigation can cause increased erosion; contaminate surface and groundwater with agricultural biocides; reduce water quality. Increases levels of nutrients in water producing algal blooms, proliferation of aquatic weeds and eutrophication of irrigation canals and waterways downstream. Thus, greater amounts of agricultural chemicals are required to control the increasing number of pests and crop diseases.
These renewable energy sources are very useful where there is no access to mains electricity. The cost price is generally cheaper because of lower costs of maintenance and minimal environmental impact than pumping systems powered by internal combustion engines. With electric pumps, deeper aquifers can be achieved than with traditional wells, where it is difficult and dangerous to cross the 20-meter mark. However, in some instances, farmers drill to 1000 meters for agriculture.
Micro-irrigation delivers water to the plant roots in a localized fashion. It is a water saving technology, which prevents further runoff. It may also be done through infiltration or by means of buried porous pipes. Irrigated agriculture is the supply of significant quantities of water to crops through various artificial methods. This type of agriculture requires capital investment and careful water infrastructure: canals, irrigation, sprinklers and pools, which entails advanced technical development. Irrigated crops typically include fruit, rice, cotton, vegetables and beets.
Disadvantages of pressurized systems include the following: the initial acquisition cost is high, depending on the crop, topography and degree of automation. The plugging of emitters (drippers mainly) is quite small because of output area. This is directly related to filtration and water chemistry. When using water with high salt content without performing regular washes at the end of each cycle means the soil could become salinized. The systems require users to have knowledge in the proper handling of equipment.
A modern way to water is the use of drip and micro that involve the application of water in a restricted area. These methods are suitable for areas where water is scarce, since the application is done in small doses and frequently. This allows better control of water and some other agronomic benefits.
The watering is uniform, varying the flow rate with the pressure, and can be installed on the surface or buried. It is deal for row crop watering and gardening. It is possible water at only 0.2 bar pressure thus saving energy, allowing water to filter by gravity. There are also resistant to UV, weathering and chemicals commonly used in agriculture and gardening. Users enjoy low cost of labor.
Arguably, drip irrigation as is known today, began in England after World War II, in greenhouses, nurseries and gardening, its microtubes were used as emitters. However, it is in the sixties, in Israel, when its expansion started after perfecting techniques extrusion and injection molding of plastics. Thus, Israel was one of pioneers of research and development of this type of equipment for the arid, semi-arid and desert areas.
This is in addition to creating a more humid micro-climate. The expansion and intensification of agriculture which provides irrigation can cause increased erosion; contaminate surface and groundwater with agricultural biocides; reduce water quality. Increases levels of nutrients in water producing algal blooms, proliferation of aquatic weeds and eutrophication of irrigation canals and waterways downstream. Thus, greater amounts of agricultural chemicals are required to control the increasing number of pests and crop diseases.
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